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Selenium is where we started. Selenide, Playwright, WebdriverIO and Vibium are here too, and mobile frameworks are on the way.

Web runs in CI on Linux, Windows and macOS, and some tips on Sauce Labs

SeleniumRuby, Python, C#, Java, JavaScript59 tips

SelenideJava42 tips

PlaywrightTypeScript, Python, C#, Java42 tips

WebdriverIOTypeScript42 tips

VibiumJavaScript, Python, Java42 tips

Mobile will run on real devices in Sauce Labs

AppiumAndroid and iOSSauce LabsComing soon

MobilewrightAndroid and iOSSauce LabsComing soon

EspressoAndroid, KotlinSauce LabsComing soon

XCUITestiOS, SwiftSauce LabsComing soon

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One use case, many tools

How To Upload a File

Every tip solves one use case. Switch the tool to compare how each framework does it.

Same use case, same test site
Each example is a full project you can run
Pick your language inside each tool

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Selenium
Selenide
Playwright
WebdriverIO
Vibium

Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
Ruby

1-upload-a-file/code/python/upload.py
import os
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

@pytest.fixture
def driver_setup_teardown():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

def test_file_upload(driver_setup_teardown):
    driver = driver_setup_teardown
    filename = 'some-file.txt'
    file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
    driver.get('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload')
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'file-upload').send_keys(file)
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'file-submit').click()
    uploaded_file = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'uploaded-files').text
    assert uploaded_file == filename, "uploaded file should be %s" % filename

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1-upload-a-file/code/csharp/FileUploadTest.cs
using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;

namespace csharp
{
    [TestClass]
    public class FileUploadTest
    {
        IWebDriver _driver;

        [TestInitialize]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        }

        [TestCleanup]
        public void TearDown()
        {
            _driver?.Quit();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void UploadFileFromDisk()
        {
            string File = "SomeFile.txt";
            _driver.Url = "https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload";
            string baseDirectory = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
            string relativePath = "../../../SomeFile.txt";
            string uploadFile = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(baseDirectory, relativePath));
            _driver.FindElement(By.Id("file-upload")).SendKeys(uploadFile);
            _driver.FindElement(By.Id("file-submit")).Click();
            IWebElement fileName = _driver.FindElement(By.Id("uploaded-files"));
            Assert.AreEqual(File, fileName.Text);
        }
    }
}

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1-upload-a-file/code/java/src/test/java/com/elemental/selenium/UploadTest.java
package com.elemental.selenium;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import java.io.File;

public class UploadTest {
    WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeEach
    public void beforeEach() {
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void afterEach() {
        if (driver != null) {
          driver.quit();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void uploadFile() throws Exception {
        String fileName = "some-file.txt";
        File file = new File(fileName);
        String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
        driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
        driver.findElement(By.id("file-upload")).sendKeys(path);
        driver.findElement(By.id("file-submit")).click();
        String text = driver.findElement(By.id("uploaded-files")).getText();
        Assertions.assertEquals(fileName, text);
    }

}

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1-upload-a-file/code/javascript/test/upload.spec.js
const assert = require("assert");
const {Builder, By} = require("selenium-webdriver");
const path = require("path");

describe("Upload Test", function () {
    let driver;

    beforeEach(async function () {
        driver = await new Builder().forBrowser("firefox").build();
    });

    afterEach(async function () {
        await driver.quit();
    });

    it("upload a file", async function () {
        let filename = "some-file.txt";
        let filePath = path.join(process.cwd(), filename);

        await driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
        await driver.findElement(By.id("file-upload")).sendKeys(filePath);
        await driver.findElement(By.id("file-submit")).click();

        let text = await driver.findElement(By.id("uploaded-files")).getText();
        assert.equal(text, filename);
    });
});

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1-upload-a-file/code/ruby/upload.rb
require 'selenium-webdriver'
require 'rspec/expectations'
include RSpec::Matchers

def setup
  @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox)
end

def teardown
  @driver.quit
end

def run
  setup
  yield
  teardown
end

run do
  filename = 'some-file.txt'
  file = File.join(Dir.pwd, filename).tr('/', File::ALT_SEPARATOR || '/')
  @driver.get('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload')
  @driver.find_element(id: 'file-upload').send_keys(file)
  @driver.find_element(id: 'file-submit').click
  uploaded_filename = @driver.find_element(id: 'uploaded-files').text

  expect(uploaded_filename).to eq(filename)
end

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Java

1-upload-a-file/code/selenide/src/test/java/com/elemental/selenium/UploadTest.java
package com.elemental.selenium;

import static com.codeborne.selenide.Condition.text;
import static com.codeborne.selenide.Selenide.$;
import static com.codeborne.selenide.Selenide.open;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.io.File;

public class UploadTest {
  @BeforeEach
  void openAUT() {
    open("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
  }

  @Test
  public void uploadFile() {
    $("#file-upload").uploadFromClasspath("selenide-intro.txt");
    $("#file-submit").click();
    $("#uploaded-files").shouldHave(text("selenide-intro.txt"));
  }

  @Test
  public void uploadFileUsingPath() {
    $("#file-upload").uploadFile(new File("src/test/resources/selenide-intro.txt"));
    $("#file-submit").click();
    $("#uploaded-files").shouldHave(text("selenide-intro.txt"));
  }
}

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TypeScript
Python
C#
Java

1-upload-a-file/code/playwright/tests/upload.spec.ts
import {test, expect} from '@playwright/test';
import path from 'path';

test('upload a file', async ({page}) => {
    const filename = 'some-file.txt';
    const filePath = path.join(process.cwd(), filename);

    await page.goto('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload');
    await page.locator('#file-upload').setInputFiles(filePath);
    await page.locator('#file-submit').click();

    await expect(page.locator('#uploaded-files')).toHaveText(filename);
});

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1-upload-a-file/code/playwright-python/upload.py
import os
from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect


def test_file_upload(page: Page):
    filename = 'some-file.txt'
    file_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)

    page.goto('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload')
    page.locator('#file-upload').set_input_files(file_path)
    page.locator('#file-submit').click()

    expect(page.locator('#uploaded-files')).to_have_text(filename)

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1-upload-a-file/code/playwright-csharp/UploadTest.cs
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class UploadTest : PageTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task UploadFile()
        {
            string filename = "some-file.txt";
            string filePath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, filename);

            await Page.GotoAsync("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
            await Page.Locator("#file-upload").SetInputFilesAsync(filePath);
            await Page.Locator("#file-submit").ClickAsync();

            await Expect(Page.Locator("#uploaded-files")).ToHaveTextAsync(filename);
        }
    }
}

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1-upload-a-file/code/playwright-java/src/test/java/com/elemental/playwright/UploadTest.java
package com.elemental.playwright;

import static com.microsoft.playwright.assertions.PlaywrightAssertions.assertThat;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.junit.UsePlaywright;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

@UsePlaywright
class UploadTest {

    @Test
    void uploadFile(Page page) {
        String filename = "some-file.txt";
        Path path = Path.of(filename).toAbsolutePath();

        page.navigate("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
        page.locator("#file-upload").setInputFiles(path);
        page.locator("#file-submit").click();

        assertThat(page.locator("#uploaded-files")).hasText(filename);
    }
}

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TypeScript

1-upload-a-file/code/webdriverio/test/upload.e2e.ts
import {browser, $, expect} from '@wdio/globals';
import path from 'path';

describe('Upload Test', () => {
    it('upload a file', async () => {
        const filename = 'some-file.txt';
        const filePath = path.join(process.cwd(), filename);

        await browser.url('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload');
        await $('#file-upload').setValue(filePath);
        await $('#file-submit').click();

        await expect($('#uploaded-files')).toHaveText(filename);
    });
});

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JavaScript
Python
Java

1-upload-a-file/code/vibium/test/upload.spec.js
const assert = require('assert');
const path = require('path');
const {browser} = require('vibium');

describe('Upload Test', function () {
    let bro;
    let page;

    beforeEach(async function () {
        bro = await browser.start();
        page = await bro.page();
    });

    afterEach(async function () {
        await bro.stop();
    });

    it('upload a file', async function () {
        const filename = 'some-file.txt';
        const filePath = path.join(process.cwd(), filename);

        await page.go('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload');
        await page.find('#file-upload').setFiles([filePath]);
        await page.find('#file-submit').click();

        const text = await page.find('#uploaded-files').text();
        assert.equal(text, filename);
    });
});

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1-upload-a-file/code/vibium-python/upload.py
import os
import pytest
from vibium import browser


@pytest.fixture
def page():
    bro = browser.start()
    yield bro.page()
    bro.stop()


def test_file_upload(page):
    filename = 'some-file.txt'
    file_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)

    page.go('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload')
    page.find('#file-upload').set_files([file_path])
    page.find('#file-submit').click()

    uploaded_file = page.find('#uploaded-files').text()
    assert uploaded_file == filename

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1-upload-a-file/code/vibium-java/src/test/java/com/elemental/vibium/UploadTest.java
package com.elemental.vibium;

import com.vibium.Browser;
import com.vibium.Page;
import com.vibium.Vibium;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;

public class UploadTest {
    Browser browser;
    Page page;

    @BeforeEach
    public void beforeEach() {
        browser = Vibium.start();
        page = browser.page();
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void afterEach() {
        if (browser != null) {
            browser.stop();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void uploadFile() {
        String fileName = "some-file.txt";
        String path = new File(fileName).getAbsolutePath();

        page.go("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
        page.find("#file-upload").setFiles(List.of(path));
        page.find("#file-submit").click();

        String text = page.find("#uploaded-files").text();
        Assertions.assertEquals(fileName, text);
    }
}

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Short, tested tips for web and mobile test automation

Every example runs in CI, every night

Pick your tool

Web runs in CI on Linux, Windows and macOS, and some tips on Sauce Labs

Mobile will run on real devices in Sauce Labs

How To Upload a File

Where to begin

Start here

Recently updated

Tested, not just written

Runs every night

Real devices for mobile

Short and focused

Know a better way?