_csharp

Example 1

NOTE: You can see the application under test here. It's an example from the-internet. In the example there are 2 tables. We will start with the first table and then work with the second.

Let's start by declaring our requisite classes for our testing framework (e.g., using NUnit.Framework), driving the browser with Selenium (e.g., using OpenQA.Selenium, etc.), and accessing C#'s collections functionality (e.g., using System.Collections.Generic).

// filename: Tables.cs
using NUnit.Framework;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Tables
{
    IWebDriver Driver;

    [SetUp]
    public void SetUp()
    {
        Driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    }

    [TearDown]
    public void TearDown()
    {
        Driver.Quit();
    }
// ...

Here is the markup from the first table we're working with. Note that it does not have any id or class attributes.

<table id="table1" class="tablesorter">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th><span>Last Name</span></th>
      <th><span>First Name</span></th>
      <th><span>Email</span></th>
      <th><span>Due</span></th>
      <th><span>Web Site</span></th>
      <th><span>Action</span></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Smith</td>
      <td>John</td>
      <td>jsmith@gmail.com</td>
      <td>$50.00</td>
      <td>http://www.jsmith.com</td>
      <td>
        <a href="#edit">edit</a>
        <a href="#delete">delete</a>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

There are 6 columns (Last Name, First Name, Email, Due, Web Site, and Action). Each one is sortable by clicking on the column header. The first click will sort them in ascending order, the second click in descending order.

There is a small sampling of data in the table to work with (4 rows worth), so we should be able to sort the data, grab it, and confirm that it sorted correctly. So let's do that in our first test with the Due column using a CSS Pseudo-class.

// filename: Tables.cs
// ...
    [Test]
    public void TableWithNoHelpfulMarkup1()
    {
        Driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/tables");
        Driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#table1 thead tr th:nth-of-type(4)")).Click();

        IReadOnlyCollection<IWebElement> Dues = Driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector("#table1 tbody tr td:nth-of-type(4)"));
        List<double> FormattedDues = new List<double>();
        foreach(IWebElement Due in Dues)
        {
            FormattedDues.Add(double.Parse(Due.Text.Replace("$", "")));
        }

        Assert.That(FormattedDues, Is.Ordered);
    }
// ...

After visiting the page we find and click the column heading that we want with a CSS Pseudo-class (e.g. #table1 thead tr th:nth-of-type(4)). This locator targets the 4th <th> element in the table heading section (e.g., <thead>) (which is the Due column heading).

We use another pseudo-class to find all <td> elements within the Due column by looking for the 4th <td> of each row in the table body. Once we have them we grab each of their text values, clean them up by removing the $, convert them to a number (e.g., double), and store them all in a collection called FormattedDues. We then assert that the collection is sorted in ascending order.

If we wanted to test for descending order, we would need to click the Due heading twice after loading the page. Other than that the code is identical except for the assertion.

// filename: Tables.cs
// ...
    [Test]
    public void TableWithNoHelpfulMarkup2()
    {
        Driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/tables");
        Driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#table1 thead tr th:nth-of-type(4)")).Click();
        Driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#table1 thead tr th:nth-of-type(4)")).Click();

        IReadOnlyCollection<IWebElement> Dues = Driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector("#table1 tbody tr td:nth-of-type(4)"));
        List<double> FormattedDues = new List<double>();
        foreach(IWebElement Due in Dues)
        {
            FormattedDues.Add(double.Parse(Due.Text.Replace("$", "")));
        }

        Assert.That(FormattedDues, Is.Ordered.Descending);
    }
// ...

We can easily use this locator strategy to test a different column (e.g., one that doesn't deal with numbers) and see that it gets sorted correctly too. Here's a test that exercises the Email column.

// filename: Tables.cs
// ...
    [Test]
    public void TableWithNoHelpfulMarkup3()
    {
        Driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/tables");
        Driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#table1 thead tr th:nth-of-type(3)")).Click();

        IReadOnlyCollection<IWebElement> Emails = Driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector("#table1 tbody tr td:nth-of-type(3)"));
        List<string> FormattedEmails = new List<string>();
        foreach(IWebElement Email in Emails)
        {
            FormattedEmails.Add(Email.Text);
        }

        Assert.That(FormattedEmails, Is.Ordered);
    }
// ...

The mechanism for this is the same except that we don't need to clean the text up before performing our assertion (we just need to pull the text out of the IWebElement collection).

Example 2

But what about older browsers?

If we run these against an older browser (e.g., Internet Explorer 8, etc.) it will throw an exception stating Unable to find element. This is because older browsers don't support CSS Pseudo-classes.

You've come a long way, so it's best to get value out of what you've just written. To do that you can run these tests on current browsers and submit a request to your front-end developers to update the table markup with some semantic class attributes. Later, when these new locators have been implemented on the page, you can revisit these tests and update them accordingly.

Here is markup of what our original table would look like with some helpful attributes added in. It's also the markup from the second example of our application under test.

<table id="table2" class="tablesorter">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th><span class="last-name">Last Name</span></th>
      <th><span class="first-name">First Name</span></th>
      <th><span class="email">Email</span></th>
      <th><span class="dues">Due</span></th>
      <th><span class="web-site">Web Site</span></th>
      <th><span class="action">Action</span></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="last-name">Smith</td>
      <td class="first-name">John</td>
      <td class="email">jsmith@gmail.com</td>
      <td class="dues">$50.00</td>
      <td class="web-site">http://www.jsmith.com</td>
      <td class="action">
        <a href="#edit">edit</a>
        <a href="#delete">delete</a>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

With these well-placed and descriptive class attributes the locators in our sorting tests become a lot simpler to write and more expressive. Let's revisit sorting the Due column in ascending order in a new test.

// filename: Tables.cs
// ...
    [Test]
    public void TableWithHelpfulMarkup()
    {
        Driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/tables");
        Driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#table2 thead .dues")).Click();
        IReadOnlyCollection<IWebElement> Dues = Driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector("#table2 tbody .dues"));
        List<double> FormattedDues = new List<double>();
        foreach(IWebElement Due in Dues)
        {
            FormattedDues.Add(double.Parse(Due.Text.Replace("$", "")));
        }
        Assert.That(FormattedDues, Is.Ordered);
    }
}

Not only will these selectors work in current and older browsers, but they are also more resilient to changes in the table layout since they are not using hard-coded numbers that rely on the column order.

Expected Behavior

When you save this file and run it (e.g., nunit3-console.exe .\Tables.sln from the command-line) here is what will happen:

Open the browser
Load the page
Click the column heading
Grab the values for the column
Assert that the column values are sorted in the correct order (ascending or descending)
Close the browser

Summary

CSS Pseudo-classes are a great resource and unlock a lot of potential for your tests; enabling a bit of CSS gymnastics assuming you've come up with a test strategy that rules out older browsers. If you don't have a test strategy or are curious to see how yours compares, check out tip 18.

For more info on CSS Pseudo-classes see this write-up by Sauce Labs, and maybe the W3C spec CSS3 if you're feeling adventurous. And for a more in-depth walk-through on HTML Table design check out Treehouse's write-up here.

Happy Testing!

Example 1​

Example 2​

Expected Behavior​

Summary​

Example 1

Example 2

Expected Behavior

Summary